Generally speaking,the overall size of a micro-robot does not exceed 100mm,and the detail size can reach the micron or even nanometer level,which puts forward extremely high requirements for processing accuracy and freedom.The traditional CNC machining process is expensive and has low flexibility,and is generally suitable for the machining of large parts.However,the MEMS processing process is complicated,and the vertical processing is limited,which is suitable for two-dimensional processing.3D printing technology,as a very fast-developing manufacturing process,has the characteristics of low cost,high efficiency,and integrated processing.Although materials have always been one of the difficulties in 3D printing technology,researchers have gradually developed some functional materials,such as doping magnetic powder particles to enhance magnetic properties.And it can also make up for the deficiencies of materials through post-surface treatment,such as surface metallization,sputtering coating,mold turning and other processes.
一般而言,微型机器人整体尺寸不超过100mm,细节尺寸可以达到微米甚至纳米级别,这就对加工精度和自由度提出极高要求。传统的CNC加工工艺成本昂贵,灵活度低,一般适合大零部件的加工。而MEMS加工工艺过程复杂,垂直方向加工受限,适合二维加工。而3D打印技术,作为当前发展非常迅速的制造工艺,具有低成本、高效率、一体化加工成型的特点。虽然一直以来材料是3D打印技术难点之一,研究人员逐步开发一些功能性材料,比如掺杂磁性粉末颗粒增强磁性。并且也可以通过后期表面处理来弥补材料方面的不足,比如表面金属化、溅射镀膜、翻模等工艺。
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