The controller is the core part of the DCS,which is equivalent to a PC.Some DCS controllers are PCs themselves.It mainly has chips such as CPU,RAM,E2PROM and ROM,as well as two interfaces,one receives the signal from the I/O bus downward,and the other interface sends the signal upward to the network to connect with the man-machine interface.ROM is used to store the control algorithms that complete various operational functions(some DCS are called function block libraries).Store function blocks in the library,such as control algorithm PID,PID with dead zone,integral separation PID,arithmetic operation addition,subtraction,multiplication,division,square,square root,function operation primary filter,sine,cosine,X-Y function generator,Lead-lag;more advanced algorithms include Smith prediction,C language interface,matrix addition,matrix multiplication;logical operations include logical AND,logical OR,logical NOT,logical AND NOT,etc.Usually,the station function block not only combines the analog quantity and the switch quantity,but also connects with the people.The more function blocks,the easier it is for users to write applications(ie,configure).Configuration According to the technological requirements,the function blocks are connected to form a control scheme.Store the control scheme in the E2PROM.Because the E2PROM can be erased and written,the configuration should be changed with the process change,so the configuration is stored in the E2PROM.Different users have different configurations.During configuration,the user selects the desired function block from the function block library,fills in the parameters,and connects the function blocks.The control scheme is formed and stored in E2PROM.At this time,the controller is in the configuration mode,and it becomes the running mode after it is put into operation.
控制器是DCS的核心部件,它相当于一台PC机。有的DCS的控制器本身就是PC机。它主要有CPU、RAM、E2PROM和ROM等芯片,还有两个接口,一个向下接收I/O总线来的信号,另一个接口是向上把信号送到网络上与人机界面相连。ROM用来存贮完成各种运算功能的控制算法(有的DCS称为功能块库)。在库中存功能块,如控制算法PID、带死区PID,积分分离PID,算术运算加、减、乘、除、平方、开方、函数运算一次滤波、正弦、余弦、X-Y函数发生器、超前-滞后;比较先进的算法有史密斯预估,C语言接口、矩阵加、矩阵乘;逻辑运算有逻辑与、逻辑或、逻辑非、逻辑与非等。通常用站功能块不仅把模拟量和开关量结合起来,还与人连系起来。功能块越多,用户编写应用程序(即组态)越方便。组态按照工艺要求,把功能块连接起来形成控制方案。把控制方案存在E2PROM中。因为E2PROM可以擦写,组态要随工艺改变而改变,所以把组态存在E2PROM中。不同用户有不同组态。组态时,用户从功能块库中选择要的功能块,填上参数,把功能块连接起来。形成控制方案存到E2PROM中。这时控制器在组态方式,投入运行后就成为运行方式。
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